Ivor Armstrong
Richards was a British poet and scholar. He was the pioneer in the domain of
New Criticism. He was an English educator His works are:
1. The
Meaning of Meaning – 1923
2. The Principles of Literary
Criticism – 1924
3. The Practical Criticism – 1929.
He mainly talks
about four kinds of misunderstanding:
2.Over-Literal reading: prosaic reading
3.Defective scholarship; inappropriate metaphor
4. Difference in meaning of words in poetry and prose (personification, Metaphors,
etc.....)
His practical
approach gave new path to literary criticism. In his methodology, a lot of
importance is given to the words. He believed that poet writes to communicate
and language is the means of that communication. Language is made of words and
words carry four kinds of meaning: Sense, Feelings, Tone and Intention.
According to I.A.Richards language can be
used in two ways, scientific use of language and the emotive one. Language of
poetry is purely emotive, in its original primitive state. This language
affects feelings. Hence we must avoid intuitive and over literal reading of
poems. Words in poetry have an emotive value, and the figurative language used
by poets conveys those emotions effectively and forcefully.
Here I have done verbal analysis of Bollywood song: Rimzim gire savan....
रिमझिम गिरे सावन, सुलग सुलग जाये मन
भीगे आज इस मौसम में, लगी कैसी ये अगन
रिमझिम गिरे सावन सुलग सुलग जाये मन
भीगे आज इस मौसम में, लगी कैसी ये अगन
रिमझिम गिरे सावन...
जब घूंगरूओं सी बजती हैं बूंदे
अरमा हमारे पलकें ना मूंदे
कैसे देखे सपने नयन, सुलग सुलग जाये मन
भीगे आज इस मौसम में, लगी कैसी ये अगन
रिमझिम गिरे सावन...
महफ़िल में कैसे कह दे किसी से
दिल बंध रहा हैं, किसी अजनबीसे
महफ़िल में कैसे कह दे किसी से
दिल बंध रहा हैं, किसी अजनबी से
हाय करे अब क्या जतन, सुलग सुलग जाये मन
भीगे आज इस मौसम में, लगी कैसी ये अगन
रिमझिम गिरे सावन सुलग सुलग जाये मन
भीगे आज इस मौसम में, लगी कैसी ये अगन
This is the song of movie “Manzil”.In the
movie this song appears twice. Once in the voice of Lata Mangeshkar and the
second time in the voice of Kishore. Here I am talking about Lata’s version of
the song, in which Amitabh and Mausami Chatterji enjoying Bombay rain like
commoners.
Basically, this song represent the situation
of beloved in rainy day. This song represents the inner emotion of beloved. As
we know that rain is oftenly used as metaphor for expressing the feeling of
love. This song represents the powerful feelings of love in the heart of lovers
due to rainy day. And their feelings become so powerful and they feel like that
their heart put on fire because of such emotions of love.
Problems
of Misunderstanding in Song
In
this song two opposite elements are used: water and fire. As we know that both
can never appear at same time on place. Whenever water appears, fire will
disappear. It almost seems as nonsensical. Here we can find exaggeration of
language. In this song there is a line, which is repeated in the song.
रिमझिम गिरे सावन, सुलग सुलग जाये मन
भीगे आज इस मौसम में, लगी कैसी ये अगन
Here
it can also be questioned that how is it possible that because of rain there is
fire? But after reading the forward lines it becomes clear in the mind that, it
talks about the lovers and how the rain affects their emotions.
जब घूंगरूओं सी बजती हैं बूंदे
अरमा हमारे पलकें ना मूंदे
कैसे देखे सपने नयन, सुलग सुलग जाये मन
भीगे आज इस मौसम में, लगी कैसी ये अगन
रिमझिम गिरे सावन...
In this line, I do not
understand that how the sound of rain and ankle string remain the same. If
there is sprinkling, it may not sound too much. But here we find a use of simile.
And also it has a wonderful rhyming
effect.
It can be concluded that
by the first reading of anything we can not understand the exact meaning of
words. So figurative language requires the deeper study of words, shallowness
of word does not make any sense.
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