Minkal Italiya

Structuralism is the offshoot of certain developments in linguistics and anthropology. Saussure’s mode of the synchronic study of language was an attempt to formulate the grammar of a language from a study of parole .  Using the Saussurian linguistic model, Claude Levi-Strauss examined the customs and conventions of some cultures with a view of arriving at the grammar of those cultures.  There are two types of methodology used by critics for study of language. 1.Diachronic 2.Synchronic Diachronic and Synchronicare two different viewpoints in linguistic analysis. A synchronic approach considers a language at a moment in a time without taking its history into account, Synchronic linguistics aims at describing a language at a specific point of time,usually the present. Languge = Langue + Parole In simple way Languge means the entire human potential for speech, Langue means the system that each of us uses to generate discourse which is intelligible to others, and

On 22nd January,2019 we got a chance to meet French Professors in our Daily Schedule. It was a surprising meeting for us.The Professor of Economics department Kishor Joshi introduced us two Professors of University of Lorraine.On that day there was a small interaction session with Prof.Saeed Paivandi and Prof.Fontanini Christine. They talked on various social,political and economical trends of France. They also talked about merging of various small universities as a part of setting world class university,  gender inequality in various education stream and the effect of economical crises upon society.  Apart from it they specially talked about yellow movement. It is a political movement which began in France in 2018 for economical justice. Prof.saeed talked about the violences in some French movement as per his point of view violence is wrong and it never allows to come to the solution of any problems.On the other side Prof.Christne believes that violence is very norma

Ivor Armstrong Richards was a British poet and scholar. He was the pioneer in the domain of New Criticism. He was an English educator His works are: 1. The Meaning of Meaning – 1923     2. The Principles of Literary Criticism – 1924     3. The Practical Criticism – 1929.     He mainly talks about four kinds of misunderstanding:      1 .Misunderstanding of the sense of poetry: Careless, Intuitive reading     2.Over-Literal reading: prosaic reading    3.Defective scholarship; inappropriate metaphor    4. Difference in meaning of words in poetry and prose (personification,  Metaphors, etc.....) His practical approach gave new path to literary criticism. In his methodology, a lot of importance is given to the words. He believed that poet writes to communicate and language is the means of that communication. Language is made of words and words carry four kinds of meaning: Sense, Feelings, Tone and Intention.     According to I.A.Richards

"River and Tides: Andy Goldsworthy working with Time" is a 2001 documentary film directed by Thomas Riedelsheimer about the British artist Andy Goldsworthy, who creates intricate and ephemeral sculputers from natural materials such as rocks, leaves, flowers and icicles.  This spiritual literate documentary also received the Golden Gate Award Grand Prize for Best Documentary at the 2003 San Francisco International Film Festival. It is a wonderful documentary about the nature and art. In this documentary, he defines every art with philosophical point of view. As he says that, "Art for me is a form of nourishment".In this documentary he is working with time and also uses the natural environment to explore histories. He wanders on river banks and collects the natural materials and creates something beautiful out of them.But everything which is created, soon it will be destroyed by nature. Basically it speaks about the natural concept of birth and deat

Jacques Derrida was an Algerian born French philosopher best known for developing form of semiotic analysis known as deconstruction. He is one of the major figures associated with post structuralism and postmodern philosophy. The term Deconstruction is very hard to define. As Derrida himself denies to define this term by saying that all other terms we use in philosophy or literary criticism even deconstruction can not be once and finally define. Deconstruction is not destructive activity, but it is an inquiry into the foundation of everything. Deconstruction is not totally negative term. By it does not mean to destructive activity or breaking down anything. He says that “Deconstruction is not destructive activity but an inquiry into the foundations, causes of intellectual system. The concept of Decentering the Centre becomes important. Derrida trying to prove that one word lead us to another word rather than towards the meaning of word. It never allows to come at the cent